Kristin Lardner’s Case Study

Kristin Lardner’s Case Study MPA 5400 Public Administration Theory Abstract There are two main theories in public administration that apply to Kristin Larnder’s case study.

They are the bureaucracy theory and the client responsiveness theory. In this paper these theories will be discussed in detail as to how they relate to public administration theory. The internal and external environment relationships of Kristin’s case will also be discussed. Public administration affected this case study greatly and there were many factors that could have been prevented, but instead led to Kristin’s murder.There are many theories that ultimately should have been applied to Kristin’s case study that could have prevented her murder.

Table of Contents Abstract2 Table of Contents3 Kristin Lardner’s Case Study4 Mind Map Analysis19 References20 Annotated Bibliography23 Introduction This case study is about a young lady that was stalked by her boyfriend, Michael Cartier. She went to the police and to court for a restraining order, but the judicial system let her down. Kristin was violently murdered in broad daylight in the middle of the street, because public administrators and the judicial system failed Kristin.In this paper there will be discussions of public administration theories of why they worked or they did not work. There will also be many implementations and recommendations for the public administrators and the judicial system that could have prevented Kristin’s death.

Summary of Case Study Kristin Lardner’s case study is a personal story told by Kristin’s father. Kristin was a 21 year old who was brutally murdered on May 30, 1992. She was a bright, charismatic young lady who had the world at her feet. She was an aspiring artist and planned to travel the world, but this all ended when Kristin was murdered.Kristin met a young man that worked as a bouncer at a night club, named Michael Cartier.

Kristin and Michael began dating and everything was great in the beginning. As the weeks passed by Michael slowly began to show a different side of his personality. He seemed aggressive and angry all the time and finally one night he became violent on April 16. He knocked Kristin to the ground, began kicking her and yelling at her that he was going to kill her. Ever since that night Kristin refused to see Michael Cartier, and this is when he began stalking Kristin.

Stalking is a deliberate behavior that threatens the safety of an individual and the outcome is fear (Miller, 2001). Cartier would call her 10 times a day and threaten her not to go to the police. Somehow Kristin convinced him to go to an educational program for abusive men, called Emerge. Cartier went, but was asked if he was on probation. Cartier answered yes and then realized that his probation officer would be called and he would be in major trouble.

Cartier was already on probation for abusing another woman named Rose Ryan, so he decided to leave the program (Stillman, 2010).Cartier had a very disturbing childhood and this caused him to abuse women. Ryan met Cartier in the summer of 1990. Things were going great between Ryan and Cartier and then 2 months into the relationship Cartier changed. Ryan got upset with Cartier for throwing her into a barrel and she walked away from him. He then began punching her in the head.

Cartier begged for Ryan’s forgiveness, but Ryan never forgot. She watched Cartier abuse a kitten and later in the relationship he killed the kitten by throwing it out of the fourth story of his apartment building.Cartier was arrested that night and he was already on probation, he pleaded guilty to malicious destruction and the charges of animal cruelty were dropped. The court put him back on the streets. Cartier has always abused animals.

When he was 5 he pulled his pet rabbit’s legs out of socket, then Michael’s mother sent him away for good at age 7. He was abused very badly as a child, as a teenager he began racking up criminal charges. On April 29, 1991 Cartier was arrested for violating his probation because he tried to attack Rose Ryan. Rose Ryan was granted a restraining order against Michael Cartier, but it took the police ver a month to pick Cartier up and arrest him. Cartier was in and out of mental hospitals on several occasions and finally he was sentenced to prison for a year, but only had to serve 6 months.

He still stalked Rose from prison and he had some of the inmates write her obscene letters. Cartier was released from prison on good behavior, but immediately began violating his probation by injecting a vial of blood into a ketchup bottle in a restaurant. He should have served 6 months in jail for that incident and a burglary incident, but the charges were dropped and he only had to serve 49 days in jail (Stillman, 2010).While dating Kristin, Cartier continued to harass Rose Ryan. Cartier was ordered to appear in the Boston Municipal court for violating his probation and for contacting Ryan while he was still in jail.

Instead of being sentenced to serve the year in jail that he received for attacking Rose Ryan with scissors, he was ordered to attend an anger management class called, Alternatives for Violence. It was a six week class that was strictly educational. It did not involve any type of therapy. It taught people how to handle stress without using violence.Cartier showed up for the first class, skipped the second class, and then his probation was revoked for skipping the class.

Yet again Cartier had to appear in court and instead of him being sentenced to jail, the court allowed him to retake the class starting on April 1. Cartier began abusing Kristin in March of 1992. Michael gave Kristin a kitten to tell her he was sorry for hitting her, but then placed the kitten on the top of a door jam and it fell off and Kristin had to have the kitten destroyed. At this point Kristin finally decided to call home and tell her parents what had taken place.She was very distraught over the kitten. The last time Kristin went out with Cartier was April 16 and it ended violently.

Cartier pushed Kristin down on the sidewalk and began hitting and kicking her over and over again. A passing car stopped and got out to help Kristin. After this incident, Kristin refused to see Cartier. He would constantly call her and send her flowers, but she wanted nothing to do with him. Cartier was very upset about this and decided to buy a gun.

He even told one of his friends he bought a gun and that he was going to kill Kristin, but the friend did not go to the police.Kristin had previously allowed Cartier to charge a Nordic Flex machine to her credit card that was $1,000. Kristin told Cartier she wanted the money and he refused to give it to her. Kristin was very upset and called Cartier’s probation officer and told him about the Nordic machine and the assault, but the probation officer, Moeller, did not come forward with the information due to Kristin refusing to leave her name. On May 11 Kristin finally decided to go to the police and get a restraining order against Cartier. The restraining order was approved for one week, until another hearing could be scheduled.

Cartier then called Kristin, which is a violation of the temporary restraining order, and begged Kristin not to take him to court. Kristin showed up in court on May 19, where she was granted a one year restraining order. Cartier was not to be within 200 yards of her. After the permanent restraining order Cartier’s rage built, which led to the final outcome. Michael Cartier shot Kristin in the head and in the face on May 30, 1992.

He was under a court order to keep away from her (Stillman, 2010). This crime should have been prevented, but the bureaucratic system failed Kristin miserably.Evaluation of Case Study and Public Administration Theory “Public administration is the management of men and materials in the accomplishment of the purposes of the state” (Shafritz; Hyde, 2007, p. 50). Public administration has many different theories, not just one theory can define public administration.

There are two public administration theories that apply to Kristin’s Lardner’s case. These theories are the bureaucracy theory and the client responsiveness theory. As a public administrator one is suppose to do what is best for the public.They are to take into consideration what the public wants and also do what is best for them. Kristin Lardner’s case study has a very sad outcome.

The judicial system failed Kristin. She tried numerous times to inform Cartier’s probation officer, the police officers, and the courts that he was dangerous. The judicial system could see that individually, but the failure of communication between each department helped to murder Kristin. The public administration theory failed Kristin. Cartier had assault charges against him from another girlfriend in a different town, but the judicial system did not link those charges with Kristin’s case.

The public administration theory did not do what was best for Kristin. It let her down on several occasions and eventually led to her murder. The public administration theory failed to protect Kristin from her stalker. It did not manage the men and materials correctly to keep Kristin safe. Evaluation of the Bureaucracy Theory The first public administration theory that applies to this case study is the bureaucracy theory. The bureaucracy theory is a method of the public administration theory that is related to topics of compliance or responsiveness.

This theory was developed by Max Weber.The bureaucracy theory has many different characteristics that defines it. The first characteristic is management by rules. The bureaucracy abides by rules that run the functions of the business. Management makes the rules that everyone abides by (Cutajar, 2010).

In Kristin’s case study, the rules of the organization were abided by some of the time, but not all of the time. Cartier violated the rules of his probation many times. He was never punished to the full extent of the law, and sometimes he was not punished at all. Cartier even thought he was going to go to jail for being on probation and then killing a kitten.In January of 1991 he went to court to face those charges and Cartier told Rose Ryan, “Oh yeah, nothing happened. They slapped my wrist” (Stillman, p.

66). This is a prime example of how the bureaucracy theory failed Kristin. The charges were brought against Cartier, but no one punished him to full extent of the law. The next characteristic is the division of labor. Job descriptions are visibly distinct and all employees know who their supervisor is and what their job is (Cutajar, 2010). The division of labor most definitely failed in Kristin’s case.

The police officers did not do their jobs as efficiently as they should have.They did not take probation warrants very seriously, so Cartier knew he would not have to suffer harsh consequences (Stillman, p. 67). The next characteristic is formal hierarchical structure. The organization is organized into levels of authority and the employees must follow the chain of command. In Kristin’s case the probation officers and police officers had to follow what the judge said.

On several court occasions the judges would drop the charges against Cartier and he did not have to serve jail time. In one instance Cartier had attacked Rose Ryan with a pair of scissors and was suppose to serve one year in jail.When he went to court the judge sentenced him to attend a class once a week for six weeks called “Alternatives to Violence” (Stillman, p. 68). There is nothing anyone could do about that, because the judge is the highest level of command in the chain.

The courts had to obey what they judge ruled. The last characteristic of the bureaucracy theory that pertains to Kristin’s case is written documents. These documents make certain that there is consistence with the organization’s policies and procedures. There was major lack of continuity within Kristin’s case.Cartier’s probation officers did not share with one another all of the different violations he had committed.

The probation officers also did not share with the judges or the courts Cartier’s probation violations either. For example, the documentation of Kristin’s permanent restraining order was sent next door to the courthouse, but the summons was never issued. This was due to the clerk’s office being too busy. This summons was still sitting on the clerk’s desk and had not been filed when Kristin died (Stillman, 2010). The bureaucracy theory was unsuccessful in Kristin’s case because of the lack of compliance and responsiveness.

Sometimes the police officers, probation officers, judges, and the mental health organization would follow through with their job duties and other times they would not. They were very slow in responding to Kristin and Rose Ryan when they made a complaint against Cartier. Evaluation of the Client Responsiveness Theory The next public administration theory that can be applied to this case is the client responsiveness theory. This theory encourages independence while responding quickly and efficiently to their clients (Stillman, 2010). The justice system failed miserably with this theory in Kristin’s case.Kristin called Cartier’s probation officer after Cartier refused to give her the money for the Nordic flex.

Kristin complained that Michael refused to pay her for the Nordic flex and that he had assaulted her. The probation officer, Diane Moeller, did not come forward with the information due to Kristin refusing to leave her name (Stillman ,2010). Even if Kristin did not leave her name the probation officer should have reported that Cartier had assaulted a young woman. Cartier’s probation officer at that point should have revoked Cartier’s probation, but instead Moeller gave Cartier a warning and told him to return the exercise machine.The client responsiveness theory was ineffective, because no one did anything about Kristin’s complaints. Kristin’s stalker was Michael Cartier.

Kristin called her stalker’s probation officer many times and so did the Rose Ryan, the first victim of Cartier’s violence. The probation officers should have responded and arrested Cartier on multiple occasions due to him violating parole, but they continued to give him numerous chances to improve. Some of the police officers did not take the probation warrants seriously and would not arrest Cartier. Many times judges and police officers do not believe the person being assaulted or stalked.They think that the intimate partner violence is due to both of the parties being violent, instead of just one.

Often times it takes multiple calls and complaints for the judge and the police officers to believe there is violence taking place (Ames ; Dunham, 2002). This is what happened in Kristin’s case over and over again. The judge and the probation officers wanted to believe Cartier was a good person and they wanted to give him several chances to prove he was a good person. Relationships that Affected the Case Study The internal relationship that affected the case study was Kristin and Michael’s.They dated for a short time, but then Michael became violent. Kristin tried to work things out with him and even convinced him to go to an educational program for abusive men, called Emerge.

She wanted so much for him to change from his violent ways, but his abusive childhood held him back from doing so. He continued to stalk Kristin and threaten her. Physical stalking is tracking an individual, showing up at their home or work, and making continual phone calls to that individual (Are You Being, 2011). Cartier did that to Kristin on a regular basis once she refused to see him.He just could not leave her alone.

The relationship with Kristin impacted Michael so much that he bought a gun, followed Kristin, and then murdered her in broad daylight. Michael was so infatuated with Kristin and everyone knew that. One of Michael’s friends, Bekky Elstad, said “If he couldn’t have her, no one else was going to” (Stillman, 2010, p. 73). Bekky believed that Michael would kill Kristin if she did not want to be with him.

There are many external factors that also affected Kristin’s case. The judicial system and the probation officers affected this case immensely.If the judicial system would have sentenced Cartier to the full extent of the law, he never would have been able to murder Kristin. Cartier would have been in prison for all the criminal acts that he had committed. Before meeting Kristin, Cartier had already been charged with animal cruelty, violation of probation, stalking, and assault and battery. Instead of punishing Michael, the judicial system just kept giving him small sentences in jail or probation.

They never prosecuted him for all the crimes that he committed. The probation officers also affected this case.They did not communicate with the surrounding towns or probation officers and tell them all of Cartier’s probation violations. It seems as if they did not want to become too involved. This is very sad because Kristin’s murder could have been prevented if the judicial system and the probation officers would have prosecuted Cartier. Evaluation of the Public Administration Process The public administration process is very relative to Kristin Lardner’s case study.

The public administration process was not very successful in helping keep Kristin Lardner’s stalker behind bars.Cartier’s childhood contributed immensely to his violent behavior. He was abused very badly as a child by his mother. When he was five years old he dismembered his pet rabbit. His mother sent him away to a treatment center for troubled children.

As he grew older he just kept getting in trouble and he had a very long history of criminal charges. When Kristin finally decided to get a restraining order to keep Cartier away from her the officer showed her Michael’s arrest record. Cartier’s arrest record included killing animals, breaking and entering, and assaulting girlfriends (Stillman, 2010).Cartier continued to repeat the same crimes over and over again, but he never had to stay in jail longer than 6 months. At some point all of those assaults should have caused Cartier to have a more lengthy jail sentence.

Another way the public administration process affected Kristin’s case was the failure of paperwork getting filed. Kristin went to the police station to file a temporary restraining order against Cartier. The officer that filed the report sent the paperwork next door to the courthouse, and it was turned over to the clerk-magistrate, John Connors. The summons was never issued and was still sitting on Mr.Connors’ desk the day Kristin was murdered. That was almost three weeks later.

When Connors was questioned about this his reply was, “We don’t have the help. It’s waiting to be typed” (Stillman, p. 71). If the summons had been issued, then Cartier would have been arrested for violating his probation and he would have been in jail. He would not have had the opportunity to murder Kristin. The last way public administration process affected Kristin’s case was the failure of the judicial and police officers to punish Cartier for assaulting both Rose Ryan and Kristin Lardner.

The police officers did not take the abuse seriously. Many police officers balk at arresting abusers, because they think that they abuser is not the only one to blame. They believe that the individual being abused has somehow provoked the abuser. Judges sometimes will not send batterers to jail, because they do not want to break up the family or send the breadwinner to jail. This would leave the family without an income (Ames ; Dunham, 2002).

The police officers and judges in Kristin’s case did not take her complaints or Rose Ryan’s complaints serious enough, because the end result was Kristin’s death.If the judicial system, police officers, and probation officers would have collaboratively looked at Cartier’s arrest record they would have seen he deserved to be in jail. Instead of putting him in jail they gave him continual chances to clean up his act and he failed to do so. For example, Cartier was ordered to attend an anger management class called, Alternatives for Violence. It was a six week class that taught people how to handle stress without using violence. Cartier showed up for the first class, skipped the second class, and then his probation was revoked for skipping the class.

Yet again Cartier had to appear in court and instead of him being sentenced to jail, the court allowed him to retake the class starting on April 1st (Stillman, 2010). If Cartier would have been placed in jail after his court appearance he would not have been able to murder Kristin. This was a major failure on the judicial side for Kristin Lardner. Recommendations and Implementations The first theory that should have been implemented in Kristin’s case is the strategic management theory. This theory is preparing a plan that will help attain a goal for an organization (Strategic Management, 2011). The public ectors in this case did not have a goal in mind.

They should have all sat down together and discussed Michael Cartier’s behavior, but instead they chose not to communicate with one another. Brookline’s District Judge, Lawrence Shubow, did not ask about Cartier’s criminal record when he appeared in court on May 12th (Stillman, 2010). If Shubow would have been aware of the criminal record, he would have put Cartier in jail instead of placing him back on the streets. Cartier’s probation officer, Tobin, also said if they would have been aware of the restraining order they would have acted right away.Tobin did not do anything to protect Kristin or take action to put Cartier in jail.

When Kristin called Moeller, Cartier’s other probation officer she did not act on the phone call. Moeller just told Cartier to return the exercise machine (Stillman, 2010). She should have had him arrested him for violating probation, because Kristin had a restraining order against him and Cartier was not suppose to contact Kristin. By Moeller not acting on Kristin’s phone call and Judge Shubow not being aware of Cartier’s criminal record this caused Kristin her life.The second time Kristin went to court to get the permanent restraining order against Cartier, there was no one there from the district attorney’s office to advise Kristin. The District Judge, Paul McGill also did not check Cartier’s criminal record.

He just approved the restraining order and pushed the case to the side. After Kristin’s murder, McGill stated that if he would have known about the restraining order and that Cartier had violated it by contacting Kristin then he would have turned the case into a criminal case (Stillman, 2010).If each of the public sectors would have had a goal or a mission for their organization, then they would have been able to protect Kristin and place Cartier behind bars. Their goal or mission should have been to protect Kristin and the public and to have better communication with one another, but instead an innocent young woman had to lose her life in order for the public administrators to develop a goal or mission. The next theory that should have been implemented is the organizational theory.

It is the study of how people inside an organization operate for the benefit of recognizing general topics in order to solve problems and increase competence and productivity (Barzilai, 2011). This theory should have been applied to Kristin’s case. If it would have been applied then all the public administrators would have worked together and communicated with one another about Michael Cartier and all the laws that he had broken. They could have used many of Kikoski’s models of communication. The first model they should have applied to their workplace is interpersonal communication.

This communication is described as the basis to a normal human relationship, and it is very vital to successful management. It is face-to-face management, but most managers do not know much about interpersonal communication (1993). This is where public administration failed Kristin. The public administrators did not know much about interpersonal communication. The next model of communication that is recommended for Kristin’s case is verbal and nonverbal communication. This is sight and sound.

Verbal and nonverbal communication can be improved by making sure that the employee receives the message that the manager is trying to convey to them.It is also making sure that the employee understands the message (Kioski, 1993). If they do not comprehend the message, then there is a lack of communication. In Kristin’s case none of the public administrators understood the message she was trying to convey to them, which was that Michael Cartier was extremely violent and dangerous. The public administrators just ignored her complaints and this resulted in her death.

They next recommendation for Kristin’s case is the public administrators should have had some sort of system to link the individual criminal backgrounds within the state and the United States of America.By having this system it would have prevented Cartier from not being punished for probation violations. Every time Cartier was arrested, reported for court, or was in any other type of trouble the system would have shown what Cartier had been up to in other cities and whether he had violated his probation. If the public administrators would have been more concerned about Kristin they could have offered her some advice on violence prevention. The police officers could have told her to vary her routes when going places, so that Cartier would not always be aware of where she was going.They could have also told her to alter her work schedule and to make certain that all of her coworkers were aware of Cartier stalking her (Violence Prevention, 2008).

They also should have suggested that she never walk anywhere alone or without someone knowing where she was going. By Kristin using some of these tips, it may have prevented her from being murdered. Conclusion Kristin Lardner died a senseless death. Her death could have and should have been prevented had the public administrators applied the bureaucracy theory and the client responsiveness theory more to Kristin’s case.If the public administrators would have used the recommendations of the organizational theory and the strategic management theory and applied those to Kristin’s case, then Kristin may still be alive.

This case study in the end did start a revolution for violence against women. Many laws were passed to protect women against intimate partner violence, so at least Kristin’s death was not in vain. Strategic Management Theory Kristin Lardner’s Case Study Client Responsiveness Theory Bureaucracy Theory Organizational Theory Kristin Lardner’s Case Study Mind Map Ineffective because no one realized there was an issue to resolveBoth ineffective ; effective because part of the time the public sectors did their job, but other times they just ignored the situation. Ineffective because no one did anything about Kristin’s complaints. Ineffective because none of the public sectors had the same goal in mind, which should have been to protect Kristin.

References Ames, Linda, J. ; Dunham, Katherine, T. (2002). Asymptomatic Justice: Probation As A Criminal Justice Response to Intimate Partner Violence. Violence Against Women. January 2002 8 (1): 6-34.

Are You Being Stalked? (2011). Privacy rights clearing house. Retrieved October 27, 2011, from https://www. rivacyrights. org/fs/fs14-stk. htm Barzilai, K.

(2011). Organizational theory. Retrieved November 10, 2011, from http://www. cwru. edu/med/epidbio/mphp439/Organizational_Theory. htm Cutajar, M.

(2010). Max Weber: Bureaucracy Theory. Business management. Retrieved October 27, 2011, from http://maureencutajar. suite101.

com/max-weber-bureaucracy-theory-a267433 Kikoski, J. F. (1993). Effective Communication in the International Workplace: Models for Public Sector Managers and Theorists. Public administration quarterly, 17 (1), 84. Miller, Neal (2001).

Stalking laws and implementation practices: A national review for olicy makers and practitioners. Retrieved October 27, 2011, from http://browardsheriffsoffice. org/StalkingLawsFinalRpt. pdf Shafritz, J. M. , ; Hyde, A.

C. (2007). Classics of public administration (6th ed. ). Boston, MA: Thomson-Wadsworth. Stillman, R.

J. , II. , (Ed. ). (2010). Public administration: Concepts and cases (9th ed.

). Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin. Strategic management for your small business. (2011). Retrieved November 10, 2011, from http://www. allbusiness.

com/management/2975129-1. html Women’s Resource Center: Violence Prevention Project (2011). Retrieved October 27, 2011, from http://www. sufresno. edu/vpp/stalking/safetychecklist. shtml Annotated Bibliography Ames, Linda, J.

; Dunham, Katherine, T. (2002). Asymptomatic Justice: Probation As A Criminal Justice Response to Intimate Partner Violence. Violence Against Women. January 2002 8 (1): 6-34.

This article explains that the criminal justice system has been very hesitant to keep abused women safe and also very hesitant to punish the offenders. It says that probation will protect the young women from the offenders, because the offenders are always being checked on by their probation officers. The offenders are not being left without supervision.This article relates to the topic, because if the offender, Cartier, would have continued to report to his probation officer he may not have killed Kristin. This is quantitative research, because there are many facts and surveys to back this up. Are You Being Stalked? (2011).

Privacy rights clearing house. Retrieved October 27, 2011, from https://www. privacyrights. org/fs/fs14-stk. htm This website provides any information needed about stalking and the rights of someone being stalked. If Kristin had this website to turn to, she would have able to find countless information and resources to help her.

This website also provides tips on how to keep your guard up and how to avoid your stalker. This article is qualitative research, because it gives descriptions of what one should do to avoid a stalker. Cutajar, M. (2010). Max Weber: Bureaucracy Theory.

Business management. Retrieved October 27, 2011, from http://maureencutajar. suite101. com/max-weber-bureaucracy-theory-a267433 This article explains in detail what the bureaucracy theory is. It also explains the the types of authority within the workplace , which are traditional authority, charismatic authority, rational-legal authority, and bureaucracy.This article also explains the six characteristics of authority.

This article relates to the topic, because it will help determine what bureaucracy was lax in Kristin’s case. This article is quantitative research, because it gives facts on bureaucracy and authority. Kikoski, J. F. (1993).

Effective Communication in the International Workplace: Models for Public Sector Managers and Theorists. Public administration quarterly, 17 (1), 84. This article explains how interpersonal communication does not occur enough in organizations. Interpersonal communication is the key to running a successful business or to keeping your employees happy.It also describes that public managers know the least about face-to-face communication, but it is the most important way to communicate. This article relates to the topic, because if the police, probation officers, and the mental health people would have had proper communication, this may have prevented Cartier from murdering Kristin.

Quantitative research is used in the article, because it gives you facts about how effective communication can make your business successful. Miller, Neal (2001). Stalking laws and implementation practices: A national review for olicy makers and practitioners. Retrieved October 27, 2011, from http://browardsheriffsoffice. org/StalkingLawsFinalRpt.

pdf This article gives a wide variety of information about stalking. It defines stalking and also provides the stalking laws for each state. If these laws had been implemented before Kristin’s murder, she could have been protected. Quantitative research method is used in this article, because it provides the precise laws on stalking. Shafritz, J. M.

, ; Hyde, A. C. (2007). Classics of public administration (6th ed. ). Boston, MA: Thomson-Wadsworth.

This book provides explanations of many different theories in public administration. It will explain each theory and it will help provide support of these theories, such as the bureaucracy theory and the organizational theory. If these theories were applied to this case study, the outcome may have turned out differently. Quantitative research is used in this book, because it provides explanations of the theories of public administration. Stillman, R.

J. , II. , (Ed. ). (2010). Public administration: Concepts and cases (9th ed.

). Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin.This case study is a personal story told by a father, George Lardner, who explains in full detail about how his 21 year old daughter was killed by her violent boyfriend on May 30, 1992. Kristin Lardner studied fine arts in Boston and began dating a man named Michael Cartier and when they broke on April 16 he became violent. This case study describes how the bureaucratic system failed Kristin on several occasions by allowing her stalker to continue to walk the streets and eventually led to Kristin’s death.

This source relates to the topic because it is the case study that the paper will be based around.Quantitative and qualitative research methods are used in this book, because it provides numerical data and provides the interpretations of what different individuals encountered. Tannenbam, A. S. (1992). Organizational theory and organizational practices.

Retrieved October 26, 2011, from http://findarticles. com/p/articles/mi_hb3265/is_nSPEISS_v32/ai_n28620132/pg_6/? tag=content;col1 This article describes organizational theory and how psychologists are trying to understand the reactions of people in relation to conflict, job satisfaction, and job dissatisfaction.It also describes how these reactions affect the overall job performance of an organization. This source relates to the topic, because it will show that the employees in the probation office, and the mental health people were dissatisfied with their jobs, so it affected the job performance. A combination of both qualitative and quantitative research was used in this article because it provides numerical facts, but also psychologists are interpreting an individual’s reactions to conflict.

Thomas, K. A. , Sorenson, S. B. , ; Joshi, M. (2010).

Police-Documented Incidents of Intimate Partner Violence Among Young Women. Journal of Women’s Health (15409996), 19(6), 1079-1087. This article compares intimate partner violence (IPV) of adolescents ages 15-17 and young women ages 18-22. It explains that no matter what the age, the abuse is still similar. It also explains the type of abuse that is most common for each age group. This article suggests that if one begins screening for IPV in adolescents it will prevent further abuse in the future.

This source relates to the case study, because it provides statistics on abuse of young women.This article used quantitative research through surveys and statistical data. Women’s Resource Center: Violence Prevention Project (2011). Retrieved October 27, 2011, from http://www. csufresno. edu/vpp/stalking/safetychecklist.

shtml This website provides tips for someone who is being stalked. It gives hotline numbers for the victims to call and gives safety tips. It also provides a safety checklist and ways to protect yourself and your home. If Kristin had this resource available she might still be alive today. This website does not apply to either qualitative and quantitative research.